翻譯語(yǔ)種
韓語(yǔ)翻譯元宵節(jié)詩(shī)詞英譯賞析:《青玉案·元夕》
Only on a glance cast backward do I behold:
In the crowds for her I’d searched a thousand times
(2)許淵沖、許明譯,簡(jiǎn)稱許譯
由上可見(jiàn),詩(shī)詞的英國(guó)翻譯要做到繁復(fù),流利,有韻律,有詩(shī)意,貼切,虔誠(chéng)于原作,并不容易。
In gold-thread dress, with moth or willow ornaments,
I look for her in vain.
青玉案·元夕
暗香一詞,U譯成浮香(fragrance floating),說(shuō)出香的狀態(tài)而沒(méi)有說(shuō)是微淡的香。陶譯成幽香(subtle perfume), 許譯成縷香(trials of scents)都很好。然而,假設(shè)根據(jù)林和靖詠梅詩(shī):“疏影橫斜水清淺,暗香浮動(dòng)月傍晚?!眲t暗香的狀態(tài)可能是浮動(dòng)的。因此,假設(shè)U譯加一字,改成暗香浮動(dòng)(faint fragrance floating),就貼切了。
by Xin Qiji
玉壺一詞,U譯和陶譯都是譯成玉壺 (jade pot, jade urn)。比較合乎原作之意。許譯成月亮,只管有此一說(shuō),然而與原作之意不甚貼切。由于據(jù)縝密《武林新聞。元夕》:“燈之品極多,。。福州所進(jìn),則純用白玉,晃耀炫目,如清水玉壺。。?!?。所以玉壺應(yīng)該就是白玉雕飾的燈。
三篇譯文,都比其它譯文繁復(fù),流利,有詩(shī)意,而且比較虔誠(chéng)于辛公原作。音韻上,三篇中許譯和U譯都押韻,念起來(lái)很有音樂(lè)感。陶譯基本上不押韻,念起來(lái)比較平淡。
One night's east wind adorns a thousand trees with flowers
“上元”,“元夕”,指的都是“元宵節(jié)”。辛棄疾的這首《青玉案》,描述了在元夕燈火中等尋情人的情形,是稼軒詞中為數(shù)很少的觸及戀情的作品之一。
Phoenix-cooing flutes resounding,
Ą
Butterflies, willows, charms of gold
A shower of stars blown
Passing with laughter gurgling, fragrance floating?
But in the crowd once and again
All night the fishes and the dragons danced
眾里尋他千百度,驀然回首,那人卻在,燈火闌珊處。
Bringing showers of glowing stars down streets,
By the east wind
Far and near, among the crowds surging,
Gone -- that angelic laughter, that subtle perfume
Fine steeds and carved cabs spread fragrance en route;
Music vibrates from the flute;
There she is, where lights are burning so low!
Luster of the jade white urn turning
(4)溫哥華陶學(xué)生譯,簡(jiǎn)稱陶譯
When all at once I turn my head,
辛棄疾的《青玉案·元夕》一詞膾炙人口。英國(guó)翻譯有很多。最著名的非許淵沖老學(xué)生翻譯的版本莫屬了。許淵沖----詩(shī)譯英法惟一人 ,北京大學(xué)傳授,翻譯家。在國(guó)際外出版中、英、法文著譯六十本,包括《詩(shī)經(jīng)》、《楚辭》、《李白詩(shī)選》、《西廂記》、《紅與黑》、《包法利夫人》、《追想似水年華》等中外名著,是有史以來(lái)將中國(guó)歷代詩(shī)詞譯成英、法韻文的惟一專家。2000年被提名為諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)候選人。
元宵佳節(jié),怎樣不說(shuō)一說(shuō)古代詩(shī)詞!
Ą
See the snow-clad willow twigs of the maidens
Jade-pot-flashing lanterns revolving,
寶馬雕車香滿路,鳳蕭聲動(dòng),壺光轉(zhuǎn),一夜魚(yú)龍舞 。
東風(fēng)夜放花千樹(shù),更吹落,星如雨。
Dolphins and dragons are dancing away--
(宋)辛棄疾
辛棄疾的《青玉案·元夕》一詞膾炙人口。英國(guó)翻譯有很多。咱們選出三個(gè)相對(duì)優(yōu)良的英譯版本,簡(jiǎn)略地評(píng)論一下,看看能否能找出其中最好的一篇。
蛾兒雪柳黃金縷,笑語(yǔ)盈盈暗香去。
Night lights a thousand trees in bloom
“暗香去”的去字,U譯和陶譯用過(guò)去(passing, gone)不迭許譯用融入(melts into)好。
See the grain moths silvern, the tassels golden?
文字上,各有所長(zhǎng)。例如雕車一詞,許譯間接用雕車(carved cabs),U譯用香車(scented chariots),陶譯用華車,裝璜華美的車 (ornate carriages ) 。這一詞,許譯比較虔誠(chéng)于原來(lái)文字。寶馬的馬字,許譯和U譯用英文詩(shī)中罕用的馬字(steeds),比較好。而陶譯則用個(gè)別的馬字(horses)。
Filled the boulevards with a sweet fragrance
Ornate carriages drawn by gallant horses
Perchance I turned
Where lights were few and dim
Tens of thousands of rounds for one I’ve been searching;
“驀然回首”一詞中的驀然,陶譯比較簡(jiǎn)略,只用偶然(perchance )一字, U譯用匆匆一瞥(only on a glance),兩者都未能表達(dá)出驀然一詞中有突然的意思。許譯成突然(when all at once), 最貼切了。
Fleeting our scented chariots and stately steeds.
While fish and dragon lanterns dance all night.
And blows down stars in showers.
Voice of the magic flute flowing
Ą
And there she was
I find her there where lantern light is dimly shed.
The east wind at night has flowered a thousand trees,
The moon sheds its full light
All night long it’s bright as day.
(2)譯者U君,簡(jiǎn)稱U譯
Giggling, she melts into the throng with trails of scents
鳳簫一詞,U譯用( Phoenix-cooing flutes)最好,有鳳之形和鳳之聲。Cooing 是鳥(niǎo)類的鴣鴣聲,也可能是人類的喁喁情話。想像一下,鳳簫聲動(dòng),日語(yǔ)翻譯,收回如鳥(niǎo)鳴,如情話之聲,如許美。許譯只簡(jiǎn)略地用簫(flute)一字,沒(méi)有譯鳳字。陶譯則用神奇的簫(magic flute)代替,也沒(méi)有用鳳字。
The Lantern Festival Night - to the tune of Green Jade Table